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The following is a list of internationally recognized Muslim scholars of medieval Islamic civilization who have been described as the father or the founder of a field by some modern scholars: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi: Father of Modern Surgery [1] and the Father of Operative Surgery. [2] Ibn al-Nafis: Father of Circulatory Physiology and Anatomy.
A Christian and a Muslim playing chess, illustration from the Book of Games of Alfonso X (c. 1285). [1]During the High Middle Ages, the Islamic world was an important contributor to the global cultural scene, innovating and supplying information and ideas to Europe, via Al-Andalus, Sicily and the Crusader kingdoms in the Levant.
The common and persistent myth claiming that Islamic scholars “saved” the classical work of Aristotle and other Greek philosophers from destruction is inaccurate. Arabic scholars were indeed responsible for the initial transmission of many Greek texts to Western Europe (translated to Latin from Arabic), with many original Greek texts not ...
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
Ulama, guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of religious knowledge in Islam; Allamah, Islamic honorary title for a scholar; Mullah, Muslim clergy or mosque leader; List of da'is; List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars; List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars; List of Turkish philosophers and scientists; Islamic philosophy
Ahmed, Akbar (2002). "Ibn Khaldun's Understanding of Civilizations and the Dilemmas of Islam and the West Today". Middle East Journal. 56 (1): 5. Khan, Zafarul-Islam (15 January 2000). "At The Threshold Of A New Millennium – II". The Milli Gazette. Gari, L. (2002). "Arabic Treatises on Environmental Pollution up to the End of the Thirteenth ...
They may have been constructed as early as the time of the second Rashidun caliph Umar (634-644 AD), though some argue that this account may have been a 10th-century amendment. [73] Made of six to twelve sails covered in reed matting or cloth material, these windmills were used to grind grains and draw up water, and used in the gristmilling and ...
These scholars made their way to Gundeshapur in 529 following the closing of the academy by Emperor Justinian. They were engaged in medical sciences and initiated the first translation projects of medical texts. [116] The arrival of these medical practitioners from Edessa marks the beginning of the hospital and medical center at Gundeshapur. [117]