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Like the other Greek city-states' armies, the Spartan army was an infantry-based army that fought using the phalanx formation. The Spartans themselves did not introduce any significant changes or tactical innovations in hoplite warfare, but their constant drill and superb discipline made their phalanx much more cohesive and effective.
For most of its history, the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta in the Peloponnese was ruled by kings. Sparta was unusual among the Greek city-states in that it maintained its kingship past the Archaic age. It was even more unusual in that it had two kings simultaneously, who were called the archagetai, [1] [n 1] coming from two separate lines.
Odysseus (Ὀδυσσεύς), another warrior-king, famed for his cunning, who is the main character of another (roughly equally ancient) epic, the Odyssey. Patroclus (Πάτροκλος), beloved companion of Achilles. Phoenix (Φοῖνιξ), an old Achaean warrior, greatly trusted by Achilles, who acts as mediator between Achilles and Agamemnon.
The earliest surviving record of the Sacred Band by name was in 324 BC, in the oration Against Demosthenes by the Athenian logographer Dinarchus.He mentions the Sacred Band as being led by the general Pelopidas and, alongside Epaminondas who commanded the army of Thebes (Boeotia), were responsible for the defeat of the Spartans at the decisive Battle of Leuctra (371 BC).
This is an index of lists of mythological figures from ancient Greek religion and mythology. List of Greek deities; List of mortals in Greek mythology; List of Greek legendary creatures; List of minor Greek mythological figures; List of Trojan War characters; List of deified people in Greek mythology; List of Homeric characters
Etruscan warrior, found near Viterbo, Italy, dated circa 500 BC Spartan hoplite (image from Vinkhuijzen Collection of Military Costume Illustration, before 1910) Hoplite-style warfare was influential, and influenced several other nations in the Mediterranean.
Ancient Greek infantry types (1 C, 18 P) Pages in category "Military units and formations of ancient Greece" The following 18 pages are in this category, out of 18 total.
The Thebans marched into Messenia, and freed it from Sparta; this was a fatal blow to Sparta, since Messenia had provided most of the helots which supported the Spartan warrior society. These events permanently reduced Spartan power and prestige, and replaced the Spartan hegemony with a Theban one.