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Reactivity is a phenomenon that occurs when individuals alter their performance or behavior due to the awareness that they are being observed. [1] The change may be positive or negative, and depends on the situation. It is a significant threat to a research study's external validity and is typically controlled for using blind experiment designs.
In early psychology, it was believed that passion (emotion) was a part of the soul inherited from the animals and that it must be controlled. Solomon [ clarification needed ] identified that in the Romantic movement of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, reason and emotion were discovered to be opposites.
The Hawthorne effect is a type of human behavior reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. [1] [2] The effect was discovered in the context of research conducted at the Hawthorne Western Electric plant; however, some scholars think the descriptions are fictitious.
The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) is a published measurement tool for the multi-dimensional assessment of empathy. It was developed by Mark H. Davis, a professor of psychology at Eckerd College. [1] The paper describing IRI, published in 1983, [1] has been cited over 10,000 times, according to Google Scholar. [2]
In psychology, the term affect is often used interchangeably with several related terms and concepts, though each term may have slightly different nuances. These terms encompass: emotion, feeling, mood, emotional state, sentiment, affective state, emotional response, affective reactivity, disposition. Researchers and psychologists may employ ...
Psychology Today. Archived from the original on April 19, 2013. Madrigal, Alix (July 28, 1999). "She Writes About a Touchy Subject / Book aims to help sensitive people". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Sensitivityresearch.com, website run by researchers.
Research has shown that cue reactivity is experienced among individuals dependent on a variety of substances including alcohol, nicotine, opiates, and cocaine. [ 6 ] [ 15 ] However, research focused on these substances have been primarily done in isolation of each other and there are nuances regarding cue reactivity within each substance.
In psychology, temperament broadly refers to consistent individual differences in behavior that are biologically based and are relatively independent of learning, system of values and attitudes. Some researchers point to association of temperament with formal dynamical features of behavior, such as energetic aspects, plasticity, sensitivity to ...