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The Muslim Students' Association (Indonesian: Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam, literally "Islamic Students' Association", abbreviated as HMI) is an Indonesian Muslim student organization. HMI is an independent organization with the objective of "connecting academics, creators – servants of Islam, and taking responsibility for creating a just people ...
Bessemer converter, schematic diagram. The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace.
The historiography of early Islam is the secular scholarly literature on the early history of Islam during the 7th century, from Muhammad's first purported revelations in 610 until the disintegration of the Rashidun Caliphate in 661, and arguably throughout the 8th century and the duration of the Umayyad Caliphate, terminating in the incipient Islamic Golden Age around the beginning of the 9th ...
The metaphor of a golden age began to be applied in 19th-century literature about Islamic history, in the context of the western aesthetic fashion known as Orientalism.The author of a Handbook for Travelers in Syria and Palestine in 1868 observed that the most beautiful mosques of Damascus were "like Mohammedanism itself, now rapidly decaying" and relics of "the golden age of Islam".
Islam [a] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, [9] and the teachings of Muhammad. [10] Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians. [11] Surah al Fatiha , from the Quran.
Shīʿa Islam is the second-largest denomination of Islam, comprising around 10–15% [16] of the total Muslim population. [17] Although a minority in the Muslim world, Shīʿa Muslims constitute the majority of the Muslim populations in Iran , Iraq , Bahrain , and Azerbaijan , as well as significant minorities in Syria , Turkey , South Asia ...
Modern education in Islam emphasizes the harmonious integration of religious and secular knowledge, guided by the principle of 'ilm (knowledge), which holds a central place in Islamic teachings. The Quran and Hadith encourage Muslims to seek knowledge throughout their lives, highlighting the value of both spiritual and worldly education.
Schematic of ultrasonic machining process An ultrasonic drill from 1955. Ultrasonic machining is a subtractive manufacturing process that removes material from the surface of a part through high frequency, low amplitude vibrations of a tool against the material surface in the presence of fine abrasive particles.