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Diabetic hypoglycemia can be mild, recognized easily by the patient, and reversed with a small amount of carbohydrates eaten or drunk, or it may be severe enough to cause unconsciousness requiring intravenous dextrose or an injection of glucagon. Severe hypoglycemic unconsciousness is one form of diabetic coma. A common medical definition of ...
[1] [3] [2] In those with diabetes treated by insulin, glinides, or sulfonylurea, the prevention of hypoglycemia has a large focus on patient education and medication adjustments. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 2 ] The foundation of diabetes education is learning how to recognize the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, as well as learning how to act quickly to ...
Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. [10] [11] Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough of the hormone insulin, or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to insulin's effects. [12]
If the patient is known to have diabetes, the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis is usually suspected from the appearance and a history of 1–2 days of vomiting. The diagnosis is confirmed when the usual blood chemistries in the emergency department reveal a high blood sugar level and severe metabolic acidosis .
The main risk factor is a history of diabetes mellitus type 2. [4] Occasionally it may occur in those without a prior history of diabetes or those with diabetes mellitus type 1. [3] [4] Triggers include infections, stroke, trauma, certain medications, and heart attacks. [4] Other risk factors: Lack of sufficient insulin (but enough to prevent ...
Insulin self-injected for treatment of diabetes (i.e., diabetic hypoglycemia) Insulin self-injected surreptitiously (e.g., Munchausen syndrome) Insulin self-injected in a suicide attempt or fatality; Various forms of diagnostic challenge or "tolerance tests" Insulin tolerance test for pituitary or adrenergic response assessment; Protein challenge
The HOMA model was originally designed as a special case of a more general structural (HOMA-CIGMA) model that includes the continuous infusion of glucose with model assessment (CIGMA) approach; both techniques use mathematical equations to describe the functioning of the major effector organs influencing glucose/insulin interactions.
Patients with diabetes should eat preferably a balanced and healthy diet. Meals should consist of half a plate of non-starchy vegetables, 1/4 plate of lean protein, and 1/4 plate of starch/grain. [18] Patients should avoid excess simple carbs or added fat (such as butter, salad dressing) and instead eat complex carbohydrates such as whole ...