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Some novel tool-use by primates may arise in a localised or isolated manner within certain unique primate cultures, being transmitted and practised among socially connected primates through cultural learning. Many famous researchers, such as Charles Darwin in his 1871 book The Descent of Man, have mentioned tool use in monkeys (such as baboons).
The discipline attempts to move beyond archaeology's anthropocentric perspective by placing the focus on both past and present primate tool use. [1] Primate archaeology is characterized by the combination of archaeological and primatological methods, and researchers consider both non-human primate tools and their behaviour in tandem. [2]
The use of tools by apes including chimpanzees [12] and orangutans [13] can be used to argue in favour of tool-use as an ancestral feature of the hominin family. [14] Tools made from bone, wood, or other organic materials were therefore in all probability used before the Oldowan. [ 15 ]
Primates have advanced cognitive abilities: some make tools and use them to acquire food and for social displays; [163] [164] some can perform tasks requiring cooperation, influence and rank; [165] they are status conscious, manipulative and capable of deception; [166] [167] they can recognise kin and conspecifics; [168] [169] and they can ...
Hominid apes build nests for sleeping at night, and in some species, for sleeping during the day. Nest-building by hominid apes is learned by infants watching the mother and others in the group, and is considered tool use rather than animal architecture. [1] [2] Neither Old World monkeys nor New World monkeys nest. [3]
Image credits: an1malpulse #5. Animal campaigners are calling for a ban on the public sale of fireworks after a baby red panda was thought to have died from stress related to the noise.
Chimpanzees have used stone tools since at least 4,300 years ago. [144] A chimpanzee from the Kasakela chimpanzee community was the first nonhuman animal reported making a tool, by modifying a twig to use as an instrument for extracting termites from their mound. [145] [146] At Taï, chimpanzees simply use their hands to extract termites. [126]
Chimpanzees have been known to use tools for as long as they have been studied. Andrew Whiten found that chimpanzees not only use tools, but also conform to using the same method as the majority of individuals in the group. [53] This conformity bias is prevalent in human culture as well and is commonly referred to as peer pressure. [citation ...