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The eruptions continued for roughly two million years and spanned the Permian–Triassic boundary, or P–T boundary, which occurred around 251.9 million years ago. The Siberian Traps are believed to be the primary cause of the Permian–Triassic extinction event , the most severe extinction event in the geologic record.
This eruption was the largest in at least 1,300 years (after the hypothesized eruption causing the volcanic winter of 536); its effect on the climate may have been exacerbated by the 1814 eruption of Mayon in the Philippines. The significant amount of volcanic ash and gases released into the atmosphere blocked sunlight, leading to global cooling.
These studies demonstrate how these eruptions can cause changes within the Earth's atmosphere. [23] Large eruptions can affect atmospheric temperature as ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscure the Sun and cool Earth's troposphere. Historically, large volcanic eruptions have been followed by volcanic winters which have caused catastrophic ...
A volcanic eruption is essentially the only natural way for short-lived – less than a few years – gases like sulfur dioxide and water vapor to make it into the stratosphere.
A series of phreatic blasts occurred from the summit and escalated until a major explosive eruption took place on May 18, 1980, at 8:32 am. The eruption, which had a volcanic explosivity index of 5, was the first to occur in the contiguous United States since the much smaller 1915 eruption of Lassen Peak in California. [2]
During the actual eruption, Italian authorities noted that ash had spewed a jaw-dropping 4.5 kilometers (or about 14,764 feet) in the air, eventually falling back to Earth, in the process impeding ...
Large igneous province (LIP) eruptions [23] from the Siberian Traps, [24] an impact event (the Wilkes Land Crater), [25] an Anoxic event, [26] an Ice age, [27] or other possible causes End-Capitanian extinction event: 260 Ma: Volcanism from the Emeishan Traps, [28] resulting in global cooling and other effects Olson's Extinction: 270 Ma Unknown.
Located in the South Pacific, the eruption was one of the most powerful ever captured on satellite. The size and fury of the resulting plume made a jaw-dropping scene on Earth's surface and amazed ...