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The condition of posterior staphyloma in high myopia was first described by Scarpa in the 1800s. [6] Speculation about reinforcement of the eye began in the 19th century, when Rubin noted that sclera reinforcement “is probably the only one of all the surgical techniques [for myopia] which attempts to correct a cause, rather than an effect”. [7]
Fuchs spots are caused by regression of choroidal neovascularization. [3] Since it is a medical sign, treatment is given for the actual cause. Photothermal laser ablation, photodynamic therapy, anti-VEGF therapy, or a combination of these are the treatment options of choroidal neovascularization due to pathological myopia.
[1] [9] Severe myopia is associated with an increased risk of macular degeneration, retinal detachment, cataracts, and glaucoma. [ 2 ] [ 10 ] Myopia results from the length of the eyeball growing too long or less commonly the lens being too strong.
The incidence of age-related macular degeneration and its associated features increases with age and is low in people <55 years of age. [101] Smoking is the strongest modifiable risk factor. [102] As of 2008, age-related macular degeneration accounts for more than 54% of all vision loss in the white population in the US. [103]
Metamorphopsia is a symptom of several common retinal and macular diseases, therefore treating the underlying disorder can improve symptoms. For people who have conditions such as epiretinal membrane (ERM), macular holes and retinal detachment , decreased metamorphopsia is associated with an increase in visual acuity . [ 4 ]
Induced pluripotent stem cell taken from blood cell and converted in retinal pigment epithelium. Stem cell therapy for macular degeneration is an emerging treatment approach aimed at restoring vision in individuals suffering from various forms of macular degeneration, particularly age-related macular degeneration (AMD). [1]
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