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IRF4 is a transcription factor belonging to the Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) family of transcription factors. [8] [9] In contrast to some other IRF family members, IRF4 expression is not initiated by interferons; rather, IRF4 expression is promoted by a variety of bioactive stimuli, including antigen receptor engagement, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IL-4, and CD40.
Interferon regulatory factors (IRF) are proteins which regulate transcription of interferons (see regulation of gene expression). [1] Interferon regulatory factors contain a conserved N-terminal region of about 120 amino acids , which folds into a structure that binds specifically to the IRF-element (IRF-E) motifs, which is located upstream of ...
Pediatric-type follicular lymphoma (PTFL) is a disease in which malignant B-cells (i.e. a lymphocyte subtype originating from the bone marrow) accumulate in, overcrowd, and cause the expansion of the lymphoid follicles in, and thereby enlargement of the lymph nodes in the head and neck regions [1] and, less commonly, groin and armpit regions. [2]
[3] [4] [5] CD49b belongs to the integrin family and is a receptor for many (extracellular) matrix and non-matrix molecules. CD49b provides only little contribution to the differentiation and function of Tr1 cells. [3] They characteristically produce high levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-5 and also TGF- β but neither IL-4 nor IL-2. [6]
Bcl2 and Bcl-w [7] were the first two discovered, then in 2016, the IRF4 (interferon regulatory factor 4) gene was announced after a study of 6,000 people living in five Latin American countries. However, it found that environmental factors controlled about 70% of cases of hair greying. [8]
IRF3 is a member of the interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF) family. [5] IRF3 was originally discovered as a homolog of IRF1 and IRF2.IRF3 has been further characterized and shown to contain several functional domains including a nuclear export signal, a DNA-binding domain, a C-terminal IRF association domain and several regulatory phosphorylation sites. [6]
Interferon regulatory factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF5 gene. [5] The IRF family is a group of transcription factors that are involved in signaling for virus responses in mammals along with regulation of certain cellular functions.
PRDM1/BLIMP-1 is a master transcription factor regulating downstream cytokines. It is activated by TLRs and IRF-4, and is crucial in T cell, B cell, and myeloid lineage cell differentiations. As a potent repressor of beta-interferon (IFN-β) , BLIMP-1 competes for interferon regulatory factors (IRF) binding sites in the IFN-β promoter due to ...