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The AIM-120 [a] Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM) (/ æ m r æ m / AM-ram) is an American beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile capable of all-weather day-and-night operations. It uses active transmit-receive radar guidance instead of semi-active receive-only radar guidance.
First successful test of AIM-120 AMRAAM at the White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico 1982. Early air-to-air missiles used semi-active radar homing guidance, that is the missile used the radiation produced by the launching aircraft to guide it to the target. The latest generation of BVR missiles use a combination of semi-active and active radar.
Battery of four SL-AMRAAM and two AIM-9X on HMMWV in 2007. The SLAMRAAM (Surface Launched AMRAAM) was the United States Army program to develop a Humvee -based surface-to-air missile launcher for the AIM-120 AMRAAM missile, manufactured by Raytheon Technologies and Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace .
AMRAAM-ER is an extended range upgrade, based upon an Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile rocket motor, paired with a two-stage AMRAAM guidance head, expanding its engagement envelope, with a 50 percent increase in maximum range and 70 percent increase in maximum altitude, [23] [3] giving a maximum range of about 50 km. [2] The extended range missile ...
The domestic version of the PL-12 features a variable-thrust rocket motor with a range of 70–100 kilometres (43–62 mi), while the export variant SD-10 features a reduced range of 60–70 kilometres (37–43 mi). [14] According to the Royal United Services Institute, the range performance of PL-12 stands between AIM-120B and AIM-120C-5. [15]
The remanufacture allowed the aircraft to carry four AIM-120 AMRAAMs, enhanced the pilot's situational awareness through the installation of new radar and avionics, and provided a new engine. [ 138 ] [ 140 ] Eventually, 5 aircraft were modified, the last having been delivered on 5 December 2003.
The project started as a British-German collaboration in the 1980s. It was part of a wider agreement in which the US would develop the AIM-120 AMRAAM for medium-range use, while the ASRAAM would replace the Sidewinder with a design that would cover the great range disparity between the Sidewinder and the AMRAAM. Germany left the programme in 1989.
The system detects, identifies and displays radars and radar-guided weapon systems in the C to J frequency range (about 0.5 to 20 GHz). The system also coordinates its operation with onboard fire-control radars , datalinks , jammers , missile detection systems and anti-radiation missiles .