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Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by dengue virus, prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas. It is frequently asymptomatic; if symptoms appear they typically begin 3 to 14 days after infection.
Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of dengue fever.It is a mosquito-borne, single positive-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae; genus Flavivirus. [1] [2] Four serotypes of the virus have been found, and a reported fifth has yet to be confirmed, [3] [4] [5] all of which can cause the full spectrum of disease. [1]
Over the last twenty years, there has been a geographic spread of the disease. Dengue incidence rates have risen sharply within urban areas which have recently become endemic hot spots for the disease. [57] The recent spread of Dengue can also be attributed to rapid population growth, increased coagulation in urban areas, and global travel.
There have been two epidemics of o'nyong'nyong fever. The first occurred from 1959 to 1962, spreading from Uganda to Kenya, Tanzania, Zaire (Democratic Republic of the Congo), Malawi and Mozambique, and affecting over two million people, one of the largest arbovirus epidemics ever recorded.
Dengue is a Flaviviridae virus, with five genetic types. [8] [9] Here is the virus drawn as a 3-dimensional model of the envelope protein. [10]Dengue is in the same family as other well known viruses carried by mosquitoes that cause tropical diseases, such as yellow fever, West Nile, and Zika virus.
In 1906, transmission by the Aedes mosquitoes was confirmed, and in 1907 dengue was the second disease (after yellow fever) that was shown to be caused by a virus. [42] Further investigations by John Burton Cleland and Joseph Franklin Siler completed the basic understanding of dengue transmission.
Several articles, recent to early 2014, warn that human activities are spreading vector-borne zoonotic diseases. [ a ] Several articles were published in the medical journal The Lancet , and discuss how rapid changes in land use , trade globalization , climate change and "social upheaval" are causing a resurgence in zoonotic disease across the ...
Human-to-human transmission (HHT) is an epidemiologic vector, [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] especially in case the disease is borne by individuals known as ...