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The body of the hyoid bone is the central part of the hyoid bone. [clarification needed]At the front, the body is convex and directed forward and upward. It is crossed in its upper half by a well-marked transverse ridge with a slight downward convexity, and in many cases a vertical median ridge divides it into two lateral halves.
These four muscles have different actions, but in general assist in elevating the hyoid bone and widening the esophagus during swallowing.When the two bellies of the digastric contract, they pull upward on the hyoid bone; but if the hyoid is fixed from below, the digastric assists in extreme opening of the mouth such as yawning or taking a large bite of an apple. [1]
The stylohyoid muscle is one of the suprahyoid muscles. [1] Its originates from the styloid process of the temporal bone; it inserts onto hyoid bone. It is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve. It acts draw the hyoid bone upwards and backwards.
The mylohyoid muscle elevates the hyoid bone and the tongue. This is particularly important during swallowing and speaking. Alternatively, if other muscles are used to keep the position of the hyoid bone fixed, then the mylohyoid muscle depresses the mandible. [1] It also functions as reinforcing the floor of mouth. [1]
The infrahyoid muscles, or strap muscles, are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior (frontal) part of the neck. [1] The four infrahyoid muscles are the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid muscles. [1] Excluding the sternothyroid, the infrahyoid muscles either originate from or insert on to the hyoid bone. [2]
The omohyoid muscle is a muscle in the neck. It is one of the infrahyoid muscles. It consists of two bellies separated by an intermediate tendon. Its inferior belly is attached to the scapula; its superior belly is attached to the hyoid bone. Its intermediate tendon is anchored to the clavicle and first rib by a fascial sling.
Medial (towards the midline), formed by the midline of the neck between the mandible and the hyoid bone; Inferior (below), formed by the body of the hyoid bone; Floor is formed by the mylohyoideus; Roof is formed by investing layer of deep cervical fascia
It surrounds the neck like a collar, it splits around the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the trapezius muscle. It is attached as; Posteriorly - Ligamentum nuchae; Anteriorly - Attached to the hyoid bone; Superiorly - (from backwards to forwards); External occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line of occipital bone; Mastoid process of ...