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A gerund is a verb form that appears in positions that are usually reserved for nouns. In English, a gerund has the same form as a progressive active participle and so ends in -ing. Gerunds typically appear as subject or object noun phrases or even as the object of a preposition:
An -ing form is termed gerund when it behaves as a verb within a clause (so that it may be modified by an adverb or have an object); but the resulting clause as a whole (sometimes consisting of only one word, the gerund itself) functions as a noun within the larger sentence.
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Gerunds do not normally take determiners except for possessives (as described below). Both deverbal nouns and gerunds can be preceded by possessive determiners to indicate the agent (logical subject) of the action: my taking a bath (see also above under gerund and at fused participle for the possible replacement of my with me); my taking of a ...
Against – V or VS (versus) Agent – REP (representative) Agricultural – AG; Air conditioning – AC; Airman – AC (aircraftman) Alien – ET (extraterrestrial) Also known as – AKA; Aluminium – AL (chemical symbol) Alumnus – OB (old boy) or OG (old girl) Ambassador – HE (his/her excellency) America – A, AM, US or USA (United ...
An example of a verbal noun in English is 'sacking' as in the sentence "The sacking of the city was an epochal event" (wherein sacking is a gerund form of the verb sack). A verbal noun, as a type of nonfinite verb form, is a term that some grammarians still use when referring to gerunds, gerundives, supines, and nominal forms of infinitives.
a. Jim has to do it. - has to is a modal auxiliary verb. b. Jim refuses to do it. - refuses is a subject control verb. a. Jill would lie and cheat. - would is a modal auxiliary. b. Jill attempted to lie and cheat. - attempted is a subject control verb. The a-sentences contain auxiliary verbs that do not select the subject argument.
A crossword (or crossword puzzle) is a word game consisting of a grid of black and white squares, into which solvers enter words or phrases ("entries") crossing each other horizontally ("across") and vertically ("down") according to a set of clues. Each white square is typically filled with one letter, while the black squares are used to ...