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2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP or simply DNP) is an organic compound with the formula HOC 6 H 3 (NO 2) 2. It has been used in explosives manufacturing and as a pesticide and herbicide. In humans, DNP causes dose-dependent mitochondrial uncoupling , causing the rapid loss of ATP as heat and leading to uncontrolled hyperthermia —up to 44 °C (111 ...
2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) is a very strong thermogenic drug used for fat loss which produces a dose-dependent increase in body temperature, to the point where it can induce death by hyperthermia. It works as a mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler, disrupting the mitochondrial electron transport chain .
It had a modest effect but produced the symptoms of hyperthyroidism as a side effect, such as palpitations and difficulty sleeping. [36] 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) was introduced in 1933; this worked by uncoupling the biological process of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, causing them to produce heat instead of ATP.
There are six isomers of dinitrophenol: Chemical structure of 2,4-Dinitrophenol. 2,3-Dinitrophenol; 2,4-Dinitrophenol; 2,5-Dinitrophenol; 2,6-Dinitrophenol; 3,4-Dinitrophenol; 3,5-Dinitrophenol; Dinitrophenols also form the core structure of some herbicides, which are collectively referred to as dinitrophenol herbicides, including: Chemical ...
This takes place on a time scale of a few weeks. In the human body it is converted to 2,4-dinitrophenol. [8] Recent reports, demonstrated that a Nocardia sp. bacterium was able to mineralize 2, 4-dinitroanisole as a sole carbon source, via well established 2,4-dinitrophenol pathway. [9]
Some drugs used for weight loss work by increasing energy expenditure. Two of the earliest weight loss drugs, 2,4-dinitrophenol and thyroid hormone, increase energy expenditure, but both were withdrawn from use due to risks. [8] Adrenergic agonists, especially those that work on the beta-2 adrenergic receptor, increase
It is also used in the management of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, muscle spasticity (e.g. after strokes, in paraplegia, cerebral palsy, or patients with multiple sclerosis), and poisoning by 2,4-dinitrophenol [9] [10] or by the related compounds dinoseb and dinoterb. [11]
"The lowest published lethal human oral dose of DNP is 4.3 mg/kg"2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP): A Weight Loss Agent with Significant Acute Toxicity and Risk of Death, however "In studies of intermediate-duration oral exposure to 2,4-DNP, cases of death from agranulocytosis (described in the discussion of Hematological Effects) have been attributed to ...