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  2. Off-by-one error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off-by-one_error

    The correct number of sections for a fence is n − 1 if the fence is a free-standing line segment bounded by a post at each of its ends (e.g., a fence between two passageway gaps), n if the fence forms one complete, free-standing loop (e.g., enclosure accessible by surmounting, such as a boxing ring), or n + 1 if posts do not occur at the ends ...

  3. Receiver operating characteristic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_operating...

    A high ROC AUC, such as 0.9 for example, might correspond to low values of precision and negative predictive value, such as 0.2 and 0.1 in the [0, 1] range. If one performed a binary classification, obtained an ROC AUC of 0.9 and decided to focus only on this metric, they might overoptimistically believe their binary test was excellent.

  4. Spline (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spline_(mathematics)

    In the mathematical study of polynomial splines the question of what happens when two knots, say t i and t i+1, are taken to approach one another and become coincident has an easy answer. The polynomial piece P i ( t ) disappears, and the pieces P i −1 ( t ) and P i +1 ( t ) join with the sum of the smoothness losses for t i and t i +1 .

  5. Global Positioning System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System

    The line connecting the two satellites involved (and its extensions) forms the axis of the hyperboloid. The receiver is located at the point where three hyperboloids intersect. [81] [82] It is sometimes incorrectly said that the user location is at the intersection of three spheres.

  6. World Wide Web - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web

    Web navigation, or web surfing, is the common practice of following such hyperlinks across multiple websites. Web applications are web pages that function as application software. The information in the Web is transferred across the Internet using HTTP. Multiple web resources with a common theme and usually a common domain name make up a ...

  7. Exponentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation

    Graphs of y = b x for various bases b: base 10, base e, base 2, base ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠. Each curve passes through the point (0, 1) because any nonzero number raised to the power of 0 is 1. At x = 1, the value of y equals the base because any number raised to the power of 1 is the number itself.

  8. Pearson correlation coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson_correlation...

    Pearson's correlation coefficient is the covariance of the two variables divided by the product of their standard deviations. The form of the definition involves a "product moment", that is, the mean (the first moment about the origin) of the product of the mean-adjusted random variables; hence the modifier product-moment in the name.

  9. Derivative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative

    The ratio in the definition of the derivative is the slope of the line through two points on the graph of the function ⁠ ⁠, specifically the points (, ()) and (+, (+)). As h {\displaystyle h} is made smaller, these points grow closer together, and the slope of this line approaches the limiting value, the slope of the tangent to the graph of ...