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The dental follicle, also known as dental sac, is made up of mesenchymal cells and fibres surrounding the enamel organ and dental papilla of a developing tooth. [1] It is a vascular fibrous sac [2] containing the developing tooth and its odontogenic organ. The dental follicle (DF) differentiates into the periodontal ligament.
A condensation of ectomesenchymal cells called the dental sac or follicle surrounds the enamel organ and limits the dental papilla. Eventually, the enamel organ will produce enamel, the dental papilla will produce dentin and pulp, and the dental sac will produce all the supporting structures of a tooth, the periodontium. [1]
The cell is rich in endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, especially during primary dentin formation, which allows it to have a high secretory capacity; it first forms the collagenous matrix to form predentin, then mineral levels to form the mature dentin. Odontoblasts form approximately 4 μm of predentin daily during tooth development.
Tooth development begins at week 6 in utero, in the oral epithelium. The process is divided into three stages: Initiation; Morphogenesis and; Histogenesis [2]; At the end of week 7 i.u., localised proliferations of cells in the dental laminae form round and oval swellings known as tooth buds, which will eventually develop into mesenchymal cells and surround the enamel organ.
The dental follicle → The ectomesenchymal cells which are part of the fibrous sac that have been formed; The dental papilla → The ectomesenchymal cells which are lying deep to the enamel organ; The enamel organ → purely the epithelial component; The tissues which have been derived from each of the three components are:
Some of the hormone-related dental problems may begin during perimenopause, when the ovaries gradually make less estrogen. Hot flashes and night sweats are among the most infamous menopause maladies .
It is thought that the central epithelial tissue of the cervical loop, the stellate reticulum, acts as a stem cell reservoir. In continuously growing teeth such as the rodent incisor the original structure of the cervical loop is maintained and no HERS forms. The stem cells provide the epithelial progeny to sustain the continuous growth.
The anterior portion of the pituitary gland produces luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and the gonads produce estrogen and testosterone. In oviparous organisms (e.g. fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds), the HPG axis is commonly referred to as the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis (HPGL-axis) in females ...