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Acute pyelonephritis is an exudative purulent localized inflammation of the renal pelvis (collecting system) and kidney. The kidney parenchyma presents in the interstitium abscesses (suppurative necrosis ), consisting in purulent exudate (pus): neutrophils, fibrin, cell debris and central germ colonies (hematoxylinophils).
Clinical symptoms in patients with pyonephrosis can range from frank sepsis (15%) to asymptomatic bacteriuria.Upon physical examination, the hydronephrotic kidney may be linked to a palpable abdominal mass. [4]
Pyelonephritis occurs between 20 and 30 times less frequently. [4] They are the most common cause of hospital-acquired infections accounting for approximately 40%. [115] Rates of asymptomatic bacteria in the urine increase with age from two to seven percent in women of child-bearing age to as high as 50% in elderly women in care homes. [42]
There is an association between asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women with low birth weight, preterm delivery, cystitis, infection of the newborn and fetus death. [8] [13] [10] However, most of these studies were graded as poor quality. [8] Bacteriuria in pregnancy also increases the risk of preeclampsia. [13]
Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), [1] [2] is a sudden decrease in kidney function that develops within seven days, [3] as shown by an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output, or both. [4]
Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), [12] [13] is a rapidly progressive loss of renal function, [14] generally characterized by oliguria (decreased urine production, quantified as less than 400 mL per day in adults, [15] less than 0.5 mL/kg/h in children or less than 1 mL/kg/h in infants); and fluid and ...
Obstetrical nursing, also called perinatal nursing, is a nursing specialty that works with patients who are attempting to become pregnant, are currently pregnant, or have recently delivered. Obstetrical nurses help provide prenatal care and testing, care of patients experiencing pregnancy complications, care during labor and delivery, and care ...
Prenatal care, also known as antenatal care, is a type of preventive healthcare.It is provided in the form of medical checkups, consisting of recommendations on managing a healthy lifestyle and the provision of medical information such as maternal physiological changes in pregnancy, biological changes, and prenatal nutrition including prenatal vitamins, which prevents potential health problems ...