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Euglena gracilis is a freshwater species of single-celled alga in the genus Euglena. It has secondary chloroplasts , and is a mixotroph able to feed by photosynthesis or phagocytosis . It has a highly flexible cell surface, allowing it to change shape from a thin cell up to 100 μm long to a sphere of approximately 20 μm.
The species Euglena gracilis has been used extensively in the laboratory as a model organism. [4] Most species of Euglena have photosynthesizing chloroplasts within the body of the cell, which enable them to feed by autotrophy, like plants. However, they can also take nourishment heterotrophically, like animals.
Later, various biologists described additional characteristics for Euglena and established different classification systems for euglenids based on nutrition modes, the presence and number of flagella, and the degree of metaboly.
Euglenales consists mostly of freshwater organisms, in contrast to its sister Eutreptiales which is generally marine. Cells have two flagella, but only one is emergent; the other is very short and does not emerge from the cell, so cells appear to have only one flagellum. [3]
Euglenaceae show the most morphological diversity within the class Euglenophyceae. [3] They are mostly single-celled organisms, except for the genus Colacium.They are free-living or sometimes inhabiting the digestive tracts of animals. [1]
Euglena viridis is a freshwater, single cell, mixotroph microalgae bearing a secondary chloroplast. [1] Their chloroplast is bounded by three layers of membrane without a nucleomorph . [ 2 ] Normally, it is 40–65 μm long, slightly bigger than other well-known Euglena species: Euglena gracilis .
Euglena Ehrenberg, 1830 – 174 spp. Euglenaformis Bennett & Triemer, 2014 – 3 spp. Euglenaria Karnkowska, Linton & Kwiatowski, 2010 – 4 spp. Monomorphina Mereschkowsky, 1877 – 17 spp. Strombomonas Deflandre, 1930 – 99 spp. Trachelomonas Ehrenberg, 1834 – 410 spp. Family Phacaceae [Phacidae] Kim, Triemer & Shin, 2010. Discoplastis ...
It was found that the toxin that caused the high mortality rates is non-protein, stable when heated to 30 °C for 10 minutes and maintained activity when frozen at -80 °C for 60 days. Cells from the Euglena were isolated and light microscopic analysis verified the species identity as Euglena Sanguinea and identified the toxin as euglenophycin. [5]