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The Pakistani rupee depreciated against the United States dollar until the turn of the century when Pakistan's large current account surplus pushed the value of the rupee up against the dollar. The State Bank of Pakistan then stabilized the exchange rate by lowering interest rates and buying dollars, to preserve the country's export ...
De facto exchange-rate arrangements in 2022 as classified by the International Monetary Fund. Floating ( floating and free floating ) Soft pegs ( conventional peg , stabilized arrangement , crawling peg , crawl-like arrangement , pegged exchange rate within horizontal bands )
The Indian rupee was the official currency of Dubai and Qatar until 1959, when India created a new Gulf rupee (also known as the "external rupee") to hinder the smuggling of gold. [16] The Gulf rupee was legal tender until 1966, when India significantly devalued the Indian rupee and a new Qatar-Dubai riyal was established to provide economic ...
India's foreign exchange reserves consists of its holdings in major currencies such as the U.S. dollar, euro, and yen. India also holds a significant amount of gold, which serves as a hedge against inflation and currency depreciation. Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) allocated by the IMF, these can be used to supplement reserves.
India was then a part of the sterling area, and the rupee was devalued on the same day by the same percentage so that the new dollar exchange rate in 1949 became ₹4.76 — which is where it stayed till the rupee devaluation of 1966 made it ₹7.50 to the dollar and the pound moved to ₹21.
Price level indexes (PLIs), with the world average set at 100, are calculated by dividing the purchasing power parities (PPPs), where 1 PPP equals 1 US dollar in the US, by the market exchange rates, also equated to 1 US dollar. These ratios are then adjusted to align with the global average, which is standardized at 100.
The template supports inflation calculation, by way of {}. If the second parameter is used, to specify a year, and this year is within a certain range of available inflation data (specifically, if 1960 ≤ year < 2021), the equivalent value represented in 2021 rupee will be calculated in parentheses. However, this function should only be used ...
After the State Bank of Pakistan was founded in 1948, a currency dispute between India and Pakistan broke out in 1949. Trade relations were strained until the issue was resolved in mid-1950. Monsoon floods between 1951–52 and 1952-53 created further economic problems, as did uneven development between East and West Pakistan.