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The Ottoman state, which had begun taking on debt with the Crimean War, was forced to declare bankruptcy in 1875. [136] By 1881, the Ottoman Empire agreed to have its debt controlled by the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, a council of European men with presidency alternating between France and Britain. The body controlled swaths of the ...
The Ottoman Empire had a number of tributary and vassal states throughout its history. Its tributary states would regularly send tribute to the Ottoman Empire, which was understood by both states as also being a token of submission. In exchange for certain privileges, its vassal states were obligated to render support to the Ottoman Empire when ...
The initial organization dates back to the Ottoman beginnings as a Seljuk vassal state (Uç Beyligi) in central Anatolia. The Ottoman Empire over the years became an amalgamation of pre-existing polities, the Anatolian beyliks, brought under the sway of the ruling House of Osman.
The Ottoman Empire was a powerful Turkish state that lasted for over six centuries, influencing much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa.
The Ottoman dynasty or House of Osman (c. 1280–1922) was unprecedented and unequaled in the Islamic world for its size and duration. The Ottoman sultan, pâdişâh or "lord of kings", served as the empire's sole regent and was considered to be the embodiment of its government, though he did not always exercise complete control.
Ottoman Imperial Standard Family tree Ottoman Empire in 1683, at the height of its territorial expansion in Europe. The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Osmanlı padişahları), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922.
Eyalets of the Ottoman Empire in 1593 Murad I instituted the great division of the sultanate into two beylerbeyiliks of Rumelia and Anatolia , in circa 1365. [ 7 ] With the eastward expansion of Bayezid's realms in the 1390s, a third eyalet, Rûm Eyalet , came into existence, with Amasya its chief town.
The early Ottoman state's expansion was fueled by the military activity of frontier warriors (Turkish: gazi), of whom the Ottoman ruler was initially merely primus inter pares. Much of the state's centralization was carried out in opposition to these frontier warriors, who resented Ottoman efforts to control them.