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Nitrofurantoin is regarded as the first-line agent for simple cystitis, with an efficacy rate ranging from 88% to 92%. [9] It can also be a prophylactic agent to prevent long-term UTIs. [10] This antibacterial medication is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. [11]
Fosfomycin can be used as an efficacious treatment for both UTIs and complicated UTIs including acute pyelonephritis. The standard regimen for complicated UTIs is an oral 3 g dose administered once every 48 or 72 hours for a total of 3 doses or a 6 g dose every 8 hours for 7–14 days when fosfomycin is given in IV form. [18]
[104] [105] Pregnancy is an exception and it is recommended that women take seven days of antibiotics. [ 106 ] [ 107 ] If not treated it causes up to 30% of mothers to develop pyelonephritis and increases risk of low birth weight and preterm birth . [ 108 ]
Ceftriaxone, sold under the brand name Rocephin, is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. [4] These include middle ear infections, endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia, bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, and pelvic inflammatory disease. [4]
People with acute pyelonephritis that is accompanied by high fever and leukocytosis are typically admitted to the hospital for intravenous hydration and intravenous antibiotic treatment. Treatment is typically initiated with an intravenous fluoroquinolone, an aminoglycoside, an extended-spectrum penicillin or cephalosporin, or a carbapenem .
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. [5] This includes bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, certain types of infectious diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, typhoid fever, and urinary tract infections, among others. [5]
Amikacin is an antibiotic medication used for a number of bacterial infections. [9] This includes joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis, and urinary tract infections. [9] It is also used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. [10] It is used by injection into a vein using an IV or into a ...
Its use in pregnancy and breastfeeding does not appear to be harmful. [9] Amoxicillin is in the β-lactam family of antibiotics. [9] Amoxicillin was discovered in 1958 and came into medical use in 1972. [12] [13] Amoxil was approved for medical use in the United States in 1974, [4] [5] and in the United Kingdom in 1977. [2]