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Catalytic converter prototypes were first designed in France at the end of the 19th century, when only a few thousand "oil cars" were on the roads; these prototypes had inert clay-based materials coated with platinum, rhodium, and palladium and sealed into a double metallic cylinder. [6]
The element's major use (consuming about 80% of world rhodium production) is as one of the catalysts in the three-way catalytic converters in automobiles. Because rhodium metal is inert against corrosion and most aggressive chemicals, and because of its rarity, rhodium is usually alloyed with platinum or palladium and applied in high ...
The catalytic converter is a device placed in the exhaust pipe, which converts hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and NO x into less harmful gases by using a combination of platinum, palladium and rhodium as catalysts. [16] There are two types of catalytic converter, a two-way and a three-way converter.
The largest use of palladium today is in catalytic converters. [41] Palladium is also used in jewelry, dentistry, [41] [42] watch making, blood sugar test strips, aircraft spark plugs, surgical instruments, and electrical contacts. [43] Palladium is also used to make some professional transverse (concert or classical) flutes. [44]
The platinum-group metals (PGMs), also known as the platinoids, platinides, platidises, platinum group, platinum metals, platinum family or platinum-group elements (PGEs), are six noble, precious metallic elements clustered together in the periodic table. These elements are all transition metals in the d-block (groups 8, 9, and 10, periods 5 ...
High surface area facilitates catalytic reaction or filtration. The open spaces in the cross-sectional area are 72 to 87% of the frontal area, so resistance to the flow of gases through the holes is low, which minimizes energy consumed forcing gases through the structure. The monolith is a substrate that supports a catalyst.
A native platinum nugget, Kondyor mine, Khabarovsk Krai Platinum-palladium ore, Stillwater mine, Beartooth Mountains, Montana, US Sulfidic serpentintite (platinum-palladium ore) from Stillwater Mine, Beartooth Mountains, Montana, USA. Platinum is an extremely rare metal, [26] occurring at a concentration of only 0.005 ppm in Earth's crust.
Stillwater Mining Company is engaged in the development, extraction, processing, refining and marketing of palladium, platinum and associated metals (platinum group metals or PGMs) from a geological formation in the Stillwater igneous complex in south central Montana known as the J-M Reef and from the recycling of spent catalytic converters.
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