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Catlinite or pipestone, 3 3 ⁄ 4 × 5 3 ⁄ 8 in. (9.5 × 13.7 cm). Brooklyn Museum Protohistoric Catlinite pipe, probably late 17th century Ioway, from the Wanampito site in Iowa. Catlinite, also called pipestone, is a type of argillite (metamorphosed mudstone), usually brownish-red in color, which occurs in a matrix of Sioux Quartzite.
The catlinite, or "pipestone", is traditionally used to make ceremonial pipes. They are vitally important to Plains Indian traditional practices. Archeologists believe the site has been in use for over 3000 years with Minnesota pipestone having been found in ancient North American burial mounds across a large geographic area.
Catlinite bowl of a ceremonial pipe used by Black Hawk, on display at Black Hawk State Historic Site. Tobacco, Nicotiana rustica , [ 13 ] was originally used primarily by eastern tribes, but western tribes often mixed it with other herbs, barks, and plant matter, in a preparation commonly known as kinnikinnick .
The location of the giant peace pipe is significant; the pipestone quarry nearby is known as "the crossroads of the Indian world." The soft red catlinite from the quarry has been used by American Indians for thousands of years to create ceremonial peace pipes. [1]
The catlinite, or "pipestone", was and is used to make ceremonial pipes, vitally important to traditional Plains Indian culture. The quarries are sacred to the Dakota Sioux (Lakota) Native Americans, and are historically neutral territory where all tribes could quarry stone for ceremonial pipes. [17]
Catlinite pipe, probably Ioway, from the Protohistoric Wanampito Site (13BM16), Bremer County, Iowa. Protohistoric refers to the period when American Indians were exposed to European trade items and large population shifts occurred because of introduced European diseases and warfare, but there is very little direct written documentation.
The objects included 136 smoking pipes made of catlinite or pipestone. Ninety were effigy pipes sculpted in the shapes of animals, notably bears, wolves, dogs, beavers, cougars, otters, turtles, cranes, owls, herons, and hawks. [2]
Protohistoric Catlinite pipe bowl, probably Ioway, from the Wanampito site. A number of Native American cultures have pipe-smoking traditions, which have been part of their cultures since long before the arrival of Europeans. Tobacco is often smoked, generally for ceremonial purposes, though other mixtures of sacred herbs are also common.
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