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Soybean rust is a disease that affects soybeans and other legumes. It is caused by two types of fungi, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, commonly known as Asian soybean rust, and Phakopsora meibomiae, commonly known as New World soybean rust. P. meibomiae is the weaker pathogen of the two and generally does not cause widespread problems.
Cercospora kikuchii is a fungal plant pathogen that affects soybeans. [1] It results in both the Cercospora leaf blight and purple seed stain diseases on soybean and is found almost worldwide. C. kikuchii produces the toxin cercosporin, as do a number of other Cercospora species.
Compared to 23 common soybean diseases, sclerotinia stem rot was the second most problematic disease in the United States from 1996 to 2009. [8] [9] For soybeans, crop yields are inversely correlated with the incidence of Sclerotinia stem rot; an estimated of 0.25 metric ton per ha is lost for each 10% increment of diseased plants. [11]
Fungal diseases; Alternaria leaf spot Alternaria spp. [citation needed] Anthracnose Colletotrichum truncatum Colletotrichum dematium f. truncatum Glomerella glycines Colletotrichum destructivum [anamorph] Black leaf blight Arkoola nigra. Black root rot Thielaviopsis basicola Chalara elegans [synanamorph] Brown spot Septoria glycines
This fungus infects over 530 species of plants [1] in 53 families. [2] In the tropics and subtropics, it is most common. [1] It has also been isolated from nematodes and from human skin. [1] The fungus is known as a pathogen of many agricultural crop plants, especially cowpea, cucumber, papaya, rubber, soybean, and tomato.
One of the most harmful seed and soil borne pathogens, Macrophomina phaseolina is a fungus that infects nearly 500 plant species in more than 100 families. [2] The hosts include: peanut, cabbage, pepper, chickpea, soybean, sunflower, sweet potato, alfalfa, sesame, potato, sorghum, wheat, and corn, among others. [3]
Phialophora gregata is a Deuteromycete [1] fungus that is a plant pathogen which causes the disease commonly known as brown stem rot of soybean. P. gregata does not produce survival structures, but has the ability to overwinter as mycelium in decaying soybean residue.
Symptoms appear as dark red to black lesions on the lower surface of the leaves. They appear as sunken lesions surrounded by a raised brown-black border on the pods, petioles and stems. Very small black fruiting bodies of the fungus are usually visible in older lesions. [3] Other symptoms include shedding of leaves, flower and pod abortion. [3]