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A torus, one of the most frequently studied objects in algebraic topology. Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.
A 1 homotopy theory is founded on a category called the A 1 homotopy category ().Simply put, the A 1 homotopy category, or rather the canonical functor (), is the universal functor from the category of smooth -schemes towards an infinity category which satisfies Nisnevich descent, such that the affine line A 1 becomes contractible.
The space of ordered configuration of two points in is homeomorphic to the product of the Euclidean 3-space with a circle, i.e. (). [ 2 ] More generally, the configuration space of two points in R n {\displaystyle \mathbf {R} ^{n}} is homotopy equivalent to the sphere S n − 1 {\displaystyle S^{n-1}} .
In mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, an Eilenberg–MacLane space [note 1] is a topological space with a single nontrivial homotopy group. Let G be a group and n a positive integer . A connected topological space X is called an Eilenberg–MacLane space of type K ( G , n ) {\displaystyle K(G,n)} , if it has n -th homotopy group π n ...
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics in which tools from abstract algebra are used to study topological spaces Subcategories. This category has the following ...
1 (S 3) = Z which corresponds to the framed 1-dimensional submanifold of S 3 defined by the standard embedding S 1 ⊂ S 3 with a nonstandard trivialization of the normal 2-plane bundle. Until the advent of more sophisticated algebraic methods in the early 1950s (Serre) the Pontrjagin isomorphism was the main tool for computing the homotopy ...
Path (topology) Fundamental group; Homotopy group; Seifert–van Kampen theorem; Pointed space; Winding number; Simply connected. Universal cover; Monodromy; Homotopy lifting property; Mapping cylinder; Mapping cone (topology) Wedge sum; Smash product; Adjunction space; Cohomotopy; Cohomotopy group; Brown's representability theorem; Eilenberg ...
In mathematics, the Hurewicz theorem is a basic result of algebraic topology, connecting homotopy theory with homology theory via a map known as the Hurewicz homomorphism. The theorem is named after Witold Hurewicz, and generalizes earlier results of Henri Poincaré.