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Retinol-binding proteins (RBP) are a family of proteins with diverse functions. They are carrier proteins that bind retinol.Assessment of retinol-binding protein is used to determine visceral protein mass in health-related nutritional studies.
Retinyl palmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is the ester of retinol and palmitic acid, with formula C 36 H 60 O 2. It is the most abundant form of vitamin A storage in animals. [2] An alternate spelling, retinol palmitate, which violates the -yl organic chemical naming convention for esters, is also frequently seen. [citation needed]
This file is a work of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, taken or made as part of an employee's official duties. As a work of the U.S. federal government , the file is in the public domain .
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is an essential nutrient.The term "vitamin A" encompasses a group of chemically related organic compounds that includes retinol, retinyl esters, and several provitamin (precursor) carotenoids, most notably β-carotene (beta-carotene).
Elevated amounts of retinyl ester (i.e., >10% of total circulating vitamin A) in the fasting state have been used as markers for chronic hypervitaminosis A in humans and monkeys. [21] This increased retinyl ester may be due to decreased hepatic uptake of vitamin A and the leaking of esters into the bloodstream from saturated hepatic stellate cells.
Retinoic acid (simplified nomenclature for all-trans-retinoic acid) is a metabolite of vitamin A 1 (all-trans-retinol) that is required for embryonic development, male fertility, regulation of bone growth and immune function. [2]
Retinol, also called vitamin A 1, is a fat-soluble vitamin in the vitamin A family that is found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [3] Retinol or other forms of vitamin A are needed for vision, cellular development, maintenance of skin and mucous membranes, immune function and reproductive development. [3]
The major source of retinoids in human diet are plant pigments such as carotenes and retinyl esters derived from animal sources. [15] Retinyl esters are transported through the chylomicron pathway to the liver or fat tissue while retinol or carotenes are transported from the enterocytes to the liver and are processed into retinyl esters by LRAT ...