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Alternatively, polymer can be infiltrated into 1D, 2D, 3D preform creating high content polymer nanocomposites. [2] Polymer nanoscience is the study and application of nanoscience to polymer-nanoparticle matrices, where nanoparticles are those with at least one dimension of less than 100 nm.
In polymer chemistry, in situ polymerization is a preparation method that occurs "in the polymerization mixture" and is used to develop polymer nanocomposites from nanoparticles. There are numerous unstable oligomers ( molecules ) which must be synthesized in situ (i.e. in the reaction mixture but cannot be isolated on their own) for use in ...
Nanoparticles can generally carry drugs in two ways: drugs can either be bound to the outside of the nanoparticles or packed within the polymeric matrix of the nanoparticles. [14] Smaller nanoparticles have higher surface area ratios and can thus bind a high quantity of drug, while larger nanoparticles can encapsulate more of the drug within ...
Nanoparticles such as graphene, [20] carbon nanotubes, [21] molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide are being used as reinforcing agents to fabricate mechanically strong biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering applications. The addition of these nanoparticles in the polymer matrix at low concentrations (~0.2 ...
A nanogel is a polymer-based, crosslinked hydrogel particle on the sub-micron scale. [1] [2] [3] These complex networks of polymers present a unique opportunity in the field of drug delivery at the intersection of nanoparticles and hydrogel synthesis.
Researchers from Rice University and State University of New York – Stony Brook have shown that the addition of low weight % of carbon nanotubes can lead to significant improvements in the mechanical properties of biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites for applications in tissue engineering including bone, [6] [7] [8] cartilage, [9] muscle [10] and nerve tissue.
Common synthetic polymeric nanoparticles include polyacrylamide, [8] polyacrylate, [9] and chitosan. [10] Drug molecules can be incorporated either during or after polymerization. Depending on the polymerization chemistry, the drug can be covalently bonded, encapsulated in a hydrophobic core, or conjugated electrostatically.
For some applications, nanoparticles may be characterized in complex matrices such as water, soil, food, polymers, inks, complex mixtures of organic liquids such as in cosmetics, or blood. [132] [133] There are several overall categories of methods used to characterize nanoparticles.