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Medical condition Subarachnoid hemorrhage Other names Subarachnoid haemorrhage CT scan of the brain showing subarachnoid hemorrhage as a white area in the center (marked by the arrow) and stretching into the sulci to either side Pronunciation / ˌ s ʌ b ə ˈ r æ k n ɔɪ d ˈ h ɛ m ər ɪ dʒ / Specialty Neurosurgery, Neurology Symptoms Severe headache of rapid onset, vomiting, decreased ...
In children, the most common cause is a stroke of the ventral pons. [9]Unlike persistent vegetative state, in which the upper portions of the brain are damaged and the lower portions are spared, locked-in syndrome is essentially the opposite, caused by damage to specific portions of the lower brain and brainstem, with no damage to the upper brain.
Congenital diseases are medical conditions that are present at birth that may be associated with or inherited through genes. [16] Examples of congenital cerebrovascular diseases include arteriovenous malformations, germinal matrix hemorrhage, and CADASIL (cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy). [9]
Normally, the blockage should affect approximately 70% of the artery for symptoms to become noticeable. [3] Symptoms can be less severe during gradual narrowing, as this allows time for the widening of existing vessels and the formation of new ones ( collateral vessels ), allowing blood to still reach the area.
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) describes a temporary set of symptoms due to decreased blood flow in the posterior circulation of the brain.The posterior circulation supplies the medulla, pons, midbrain, cerebellum and (in 70-80% of people) supplies the posterior cerebellar artery to the thalamus and occipital cortex. [1]
Downward herniation can stretch branches of the basilar artery (pontine arteries), causing them to tear and bleed, known as a Duret hemorrhage. The result is usually fatal. [ 11 ] Other symptoms of this type of herniation include small, fixed pupils with [ 12 ] paralysis of upward eye movement giving the characteristic appearance of "sunset eyes".
Aneurysm of the basilar artery and the vertebral arteries: Specialty: Interventional neuroradiology, neurosurgery, neurology Symptoms: None, severe headache, visual problems, nausea and vomiting, confusion [1] Usual onset: 30–60 years old: Causes: Hypertension, infection, head trauma [2] Risk factors: old age, family history, smoking ...
The phenomenon of flow reversal is called subclavian steal or subclavian steal phenomenon, regardless of whether signs or symptoms are present. [1] In this condition, the affected arm may receive blood supply flowing in a retrograde direction down the vertebral artery, potentially compromising the vertebrobasilar circulation.