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The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics. Additionally, the subsequent columns contains an informal explanation, a short example, the Unicode location, the name for use in HTML documents, [1] and the LaTeX symbol.
Philosophy of logic is the area of philosophy ... associated with the use of logic, for example, ... logic includes new symbols to express what is possibly or ...
In formal languages, truth functions are represented by unambiguous symbols.This allows logical statements to not be understood in an ambiguous way. These symbols are called logical connectives, logical operators, propositional operators, or, in classical logic, truth-functional connectives.
The corresponding logical symbols are "", "", [6] and , [10] and sometimes "iff".These are usually treated as equivalent. However, some texts of mathematical logic (particularly those on first-order logic, rather than propositional logic) make a distinction between these, in which the first, ↔, is used as a symbol in logic formulas, while ⇔ is used in reasoning about those logic formulas ...
The equality predicate (usually written '=') is also treated as a logical constant in many systems of logic. One of the fundamental questions in the philosophy of logic is "What is a logical constant?"; [1] that is, what special feature of certain constants makes them logical in nature? [2] Some symbols that are commonly treated as logical ...
philosophy of logic A branch of philosophy that examines the nature and scope of logic, including the assumptions, methodologies, and implications of various logical systems. platonism In the philosophy of mathematics, the view that abstract mathematical objects exist independently of human thought. Plato's beard
Symbolic statement ∃ x P ( x ) {\displaystyle \exists xP(x)} In predicate logic , an existential quantification is a type of quantifier , a logical constant which is interpreted as "there exists", "there is at least one", or "for some".
Other forms of modal logic introduce similar symbols but associate different meanings with them to apply modal logic to other fields. For example, deontic logic concerns the field of ethics and introduces symbols to express the ideas of obligation and permission, i.e. to describe whether an agent has to perform a certain action or is allowed to ...