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According to David Matas, outside the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia had more political prisoners than all of the rest of Eastern Europe combined. [236] Tito's secret police was modeled on the Soviet KGB. Its members were ever-present and often acted extrajudicially, [237] with victims including middle-class intellectuals, liberals and democrats. [238]
[81] [3] British historian Michael Ellman argues that mass deaths from famines should be placed in a different category than the repression victims, mentioning that throughout Russian history famines and droughts have been a common occurrence, including the Russian famine of 1921–1922, triggered by Stalin's predecessor Vladimir Lenin's war ...
Robert Davies, Stephen Kotkin, and Stephen Wheatcroft reject the notion that Stalin intentionally wanted to kill the Ukrainians, but exacerbated the situation by enacting bad policies and ignorance of the problem, [29] [30] which, according to historian John Archibald Getty, was the overwhelming weight of opinion among scholars who studied the ...
At about the same time a mass grave from the Stalin period was discovered at the other end of the country in Vladivostok. [3] These and later mass graves in the Soviet Union were used to conceal the large numbers of Soviet citizens and foreigners executed by the Bolshevik regime under Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin. [4]
Historian David Reynolds on what Winston Churchill really thought about Hitler, Stalin and other enemies.
Northern and Eastern Europe Roman-Germanic wars: 0.54 million [112] [113] 113 BC–774 Roman Republic, later Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire, vs. Germanic tribes: Germania First Punic War: 0.4–0.54 million [114] [115] 264 BC–241 BC Roman Republic vs. Ancient Carthage: Southern Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, and North Africa Paraguayan War
‘If we gave as much/GDP to Ukraine as Estonia does, Ukraine would likely have won long ago. Ukrainian victory is what matters and we are the slackers,’ Timothy Snyder says
The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression is a 1997 [note 1] book by Stéphane Courtois, Andrzej Paczkowski, Nicolas Werth, Jean-Louis Margolin, and several other European academics [note 2] documenting a history of political repression by communist states, including genocides, extrajudicial executions, deportations, and deaths in labor camps and allegedly artificially created ...