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Engine sheds in the UK were equipped with sand drying stoves, so that sandboxes could be refilled each morning with dry sand. Steam locomotives in the US had a single sandbox, called a sand dome, atop the boiler where the rising heat helped to dry the sand. Even with this arrangement, sand pipes tended to clog, and by the 1880s, pneumatic ...
Electrical generator driven by a small steam turbine, for the headlight and other locomotive lighting. [3]: 29 Sand dome Holds sand that is directed on to the rail in front of the driving wheels to improve traction, especially in wet or icy conditions or when vegetation is on the line, and on steep gradients. [2] [5] [6]: 118 [3]: 68
The most vigorous boiling in a locomotive boiler takes place around the hottest part, the firebox. This was a drawback to the haycock arrangement, and led to the general adoption of the separate dome instead. The dome is placed forward of the firebox, in an area of less vigorous boiling and thus fewer suspended water droplets.
To increase the adhesion and improve performance, PRR enlarged the sand dome on the S1. It ensured the supply of sand for steam sanding and slightly increased the axle load above the first and second set axle. The S1 was partially de-skirted in 1942 to improve the visibility of the reciprocating parts for the crews and better operation. [25]
On delivery, the locomotives had Kobel chimneys to suppress flying embers. They were later replaced by tall, conical chimneys. The locomotives had a riveted plate metal frame. The three-ring long boiler had a distance of 3.30 m (10 ft 10 in) between the tube plates. The steam dome was on the first boiler ring, the sand dome on the second.
In late 1991, the No. 1702 locomotive was purchased by the Great Smoky Mountains Railroad (GSMR) in Bryson City, North Carolina, where it was significantly altered with a taller smokestack, a larger sand dome, and a wider cab to resemble a more typical American steam locomotive.
The locomotive's tender would be filled with fuel and water, the locomotive's sand dome would be filled, and the engine would be placed above an inspection pit so that workers could inspect it for any maintenance needs, like wear on its brake shoes and wheels. The engine's many moving parts would also be thoroughly lubricated, although this ...
A sand box (shed) was also provided to store sand which had been previously dried in a furnace, as an aid for traction on slippery rails on steep grades and sharp curves of the Main Range section. The sand shed was to replenish a reservoir situated atop the boiler barrel of locomotives (sand dome), and was activated by a lever in the engine cab.