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Antiretroviral drugs are used to manage HIV/AIDS. Multiple antiretroviral drugs are often combined into a single pill in order to reduce pill burden. Some of these combinations are complete single-tablet regimens; the others must be combined with additional pills to make a treatment regimen.
The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs as a strategy to control HIV infection. [1] There are several classes of antiretroviral agents that act on different stages of the HIV life-cycle. The use of multiple drugs that act on different viral targets is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy ...
Thus AZT inhibits HIV replication without affecting the function of uninfected cells. [39] At sufficiently high dosages, AZT begins to inhibit the cellular DNA polymerase used by mitochondria to replicate, accounting for its potentially toxic but reversible effects on cardiac and skeletal muscles , causing myositis .
Raltegravir (Isentress), developed by Merck & Co., was the first INSTI approved by the FDA in October 2007.; Elvitegravir (Vitekta), licensed by Gilead Sciences from Japan Tobacco, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in August 2012, for use in adults starting HIV treatment for the first time as part of the fixed dose combination with emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil ...
By interfering with this process, which is central to the replication of HIV, emtricitabine can help to lower the amount of HIV, or "viral load", in a patient's body and can indirectly increase the number of immune system cells (namely T cells/CD4+ T-cells). Both of these changes are associated with healthier immune systems and decreased ...
Ritonavir, sold under the brand name Norvir, is an antiretroviral medication used along with other medications to treat HIV/AIDS. [4] [5] [8] This combination treatment is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). [8] Ritonavir is a protease inhibitor, though it now mainly serves to boost the potency of other protease inhibitors.
Lamivudine/zidovudine, sold under the brand name Combivir among others, is a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV/AIDS. [2] It contains two antiretroviral medications, lamivudine and zidovudine. [2] It is used together with other antiretrovirals. [2] It is taken by mouth twice a day. [2] [3]
Emtricitabine/tenofovir is also used for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis. People who start taking emtricitabine/tenofovir see HIV reduction benefits up to 72 hours after starting, but the medicine must be taken for thirty days after a high-risk sexual event to ensure HIV transmission levels are optimally reduced. [21] [22]
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