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Instrumentation is a collective term for measuring instruments, used for indicating, measuring, and recording physical quantities.It is also a field of study about the art and science about making measurement instruments, involving the related areas of metrology, automation, and control theory.
Instrumentation and control engineering is a vital field of study offered at many universities worldwide at both the graduate and postgraduate levels. This discipline integrates principles from various branches of engineering, providing a comprehensive understanding of the design, analysis, and management of automated systems.
Control systems play a critical role in space flight.. Control engineering, also known as control systems engineering and, in some European countries, automation engineering, is an engineering discipline that deals with control systems, applying control theory to design equipment and systems with desired behaviors in control environments. [1]
An industrial control system (ICS) is an electronic control system and associated instrumentation used for industrial process control.Control systems can range in size from a few modular panel-mounted controllers to large interconnected and interactive distributed control systems (DCSs) with many thousands of field connections.
The flow control into the tank would be cascaded off the level control. A further example is shown. If a control valve were used to hold level in a tank, the level controller would compare the equivalent reading of a level sensor to the level setpoint and determine whether more or less valve opening was necessary to keep the level constant.
Instrumentation and automation are some of the key technologies involved in nearly all industrialized manufacturing. Modern industrial manufacturing is a complex interaction of numerous systems. Instrumentation provides regulation for these complex systems using many different measurement and control devices.
IEC 61225 Nuclear power plants – Instrumentation and control systems important to safety – Requirements for electrical supplies; IEC 61226 Nuclear power plants – Instrumentation and control important to safety – Classification of instrumentation and control functions; IEC 61227 Nuclear power plants – Control rooms – Operator controls
A working group of the IEEE has also undertaken the development of a standard that specifically addresses embedded instrumentation. The official name of this standard is the IEEE 1687 Standard for Access and Control of Instrumentation Embedded within a Semiconductor Device, but it is commonly referred to as the Internal JTAG (IJTAG) standard. [5]