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  2. Thought experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thought_experiment

    A thought experiment is a hypothetical situation in which a hypothesis, theory, [a] or principle is laid out for the purpose of thinking through its consequences.

  3. Einstein's thought experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein's_thought_experiments

    Thought experiments invoke particulars that are irrelevant to the generality of their conclusions. It is the invocation of these particulars that give thought experiments their experiment-like appearance. A thought experiment can always be reconstructed as a straightforward argument, without the irrelevant particulars.

  4. Maxwell's demon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell's_demon

    Schematic figure of Maxwell's demon thought experiment. Maxwell's demon is a thought experiment that appears to disprove the second law of thermodynamics. It was proposed by the physicist James Clerk Maxwell in 1867. [1] In his first letter, Maxwell referred to the entity as a "finite being" or a "being who can play a game of skill with the ...

  5. Schrödinger's cat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrödinger's_cat

    In quantum mechanics, Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment concerning quantum superposition. In the thought experiment, a hypothetical cat may be considered simultaneously both alive and dead, while it is unobserved in a closed box, as a result of its fate being linked to a random subatomic event that may or may not

  6. Roko's basilisk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roko's_basilisk

    Roko's basilisk is a thought experiment which states that an otherwise benevolent artificial superintelligence in the future would be incentivized to create a virtual reality simulation to torture anyone who knew of its potential existence but did not directly contribute to its advancement or development, in order to incentivize said advancement.

  7. Quantum suicide and immortality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_suicide_and...

    Quantum suicide is a thought experiment in quantum mechanics and the philosophy of physics.Purportedly, it can falsify any interpretation of quantum mechanics other than the Everett many-worlds interpretation by means of a variation of the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment, from the cat's point of view.

  8. Twin Earth thought experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_Earth_thought_experiment

    The Twin Earth thought experiment posits a second Earth which is identical in all ways except one. Twin Earth is a thought experiment proposed by philosopher Hilary Putnam in his papers "Meaning and Reference" (1973) and "The Meaning of 'Meaning '" (1975).

  9. Wigner's friend - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner's_friend

    Wigner introduced the thought experiment in a 1961 article "Remarks on the Mind-Body Question". [1] He begins by noting that most physicists in the then-recent past had been thoroughgoing materialists who would insist that "mind" or "soul" are illusory, and that nature is fundamentally deterministic. He argues that quantum physics has changed ...