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  2. Cybernetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics

    Cybernetics is the transdisciplinary study of circular processes such as feedback systems where outputs are also inputs. It is concerned with general principles that are relevant across multiple contexts, [1] including in ecological, technological, economic, biological, cognitive and social systems and also in practical activities such as designing, [2] learning, and managing.

  3. Biocybernetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biocybernetics

    Biocybernetics is the application of cybernetics to biological science disciplines such as neurology and multicellular systems. Biocybernetics plays a major role in systems biology, seeking to integrate different levels of information to understand how biological systems function.

  4. Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autopoiesis_and_Cognition:...

    Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living is a cybernetic work in systems theory and the philosophy of biology by Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela.It was first published under the title De Maquinas y Seres Vivos (English: 'On Machines and Living Beings') in 1972 in Chile by Editorial Universitaria S.A., with a second edition published in 1980 by the D. Reidel Publishing ...

  5. Sociocybernetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociocybernetics

    Cybernetics, according to Wiener's definition, is the science of "control and communication in the animal and the machine". Heinz von Foerster went on to distinguish a first order cybernetics, "the study of observed systems", and a second order cybernetics, "the study of observing systems".

  6. Biomedical cybernetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_cybernetics

    Biomedical cybernetics investigates signal processing, decision making and control structures in living organisms. Applications of this research field are in biology , ecology and health sciences .

  7. Biorobotics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biorobotics

    Biorobotics is an interdisciplinary science that combines the fields of biomedical engineering, cybernetics, and robotics to develop new technologies that integrate biology with mechanical systems to develop more efficient communication, alter genetic information, and create machines that imitate biological systems.

  8. Medical cybernetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_cybernetics

    At the intersection of systems biology, systems medicine and clinical applications it covers an emerging working program for the application of systems- and communication theory, connectionism and decision theory on biomedical research and health related questions.

  9. Cyberneticist - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberneticist

    A cybernetician or a cyberneticist is a person who applies cybernetics.. Heinz von Foerster once told Stuart Umpleby that Norbert Wiener preferred the term "cybernetician" rather than "cyberneticist", perhaps because Wiener was a mathematician rather than a physicist.