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Thionyl chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SOCl 2.It is a moderately volatile, colourless liquid with an unpleasant acrid odour.Thionyl chloride is primarily used as a chlorinating reagent, with approximately 45,000 tonnes (50,000 short tons) per year being produced during the early 1990s, [5] but is occasionally also used as a solvent.
The thionyl group is SO, a sulfur atom plus an oxygen atom. It occurs in compounds such as thionyl fluoride , SOF 2 . Thionyl chloride , SOCl 2 , is a common reagent used in organic synthesis to convert carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides .
The Beckmann rearrangement is often catalyzed by acid; however, other reagents have been known to promote the rearrangement. These include tosyl chloride, thionyl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus pentoxide, triethylamine, sodium hydroxide, trimethylsilyl iodide among others. [3]
Thionyl chloride is a crucial chemical intermediate in pharmaceutical synthesis, with the pharmaceutical industry's growth and demand for new drugs driving its consumption. The agricultural industry's need for pesticides and agrochemicals also fuels the demand for thionyl chloride, as it plays a significant role in producing these compounds.
Darzens halogenation is the chemical synthesis of alkyl halides from alcohols via the treatment upon reflux of a large excess of thionyl chloride or thionyl bromide (SOX 2) in the presence of a small amount of a nitrogen base, such as a tertiary amine or pyridine or its corresponding hydrochloride or hydrobromide salt.
Does anyone know easier steps to get the synthesis of Thionyl chloride?? I recall making SOCl2 in high school via one of the methods you show, SO2 and PCl5, it is easy. Greenwood & Earnshaw (Chemistry of the Elements) indicates that this is the standard lab method, but on an industrial scale it is done via SO3 + SCl2 → SOCl2 + SO2.
In organic chemistry, an acyl chloride (or acid chloride) is an organic compound with the functional group −C(=O)Cl. Their formula is usually written R−COCl , where R is a side chain . They are reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids ( R−C(=O)OH ).
For this application, thionyl chloride is commonly used instead of phosgene. ... due to safety concerns phosgene nowadays finds limited use in organic synthesis.