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The Bantu expansion was [3] [4] [5] a major series of migrations of the original Proto-Bantu-speaking group, [6] [7] which spread from an original nucleus around West-Central Africa. In the process, the Proto-Bantu-speaking settlers displaced, eliminated or absorbed pre-existing hunter-gatherer and pastoralist groups that they encountered.
In linguistics, the word Bantu, for the language families and its speakers, is an artificial term based on the reconstructed Proto-Bantu term for "people" or "humans". It was first introduced into modern academia (as Bâ-ntu) by Wilhelm Bleek in 1857 or 1858 and popularised in his Comparative Grammar of 1862. [7]
During the Holocene climatic optimum, formerly isolated populations began to move and merge, giving rise to the pre-modern distribution of the world's major language families. In the wake of the population movements of the Mesolithic came the Neolithic Revolution, followed by the Indo-European expansion in Eurasia and the Bantu expansion in Africa.
[111] [112] In the 7th century AD, Bantu spread to the Upemba Depression, forming the Upemba culture . [113] During the 1st millennium BC the Bantu spread further from the Great Lakes to Southern and East Africa. One early movement headed south to the upper Zambezi basin in the 2nd century BC.
These Bantu migrants were held to have been speakers of Sabaki Bantu languages. [3] Other Bantu ethnic groups, smaller in number, are also suggested to have been part of the migration. [ 4 ] From Shungwaya, the Mount Kenya Bantu ( Kamba , Kikuyu , Meru , Embu , and Mbeere ) are then proposed to have broke away and migrated from there some time ...
Modern-day genetic studies of the Y-chromosome generally indicate that the Tutsi, like the Hutu, are largely of Bantu extraction (80% E1b1a, 10% B, 4% E3). Paternal genetic influences associated with the Horn of Africa and North Africa are few (less than 10% E1b1b), and are ascribed to assimilated southern Cushites. However, the Tutsi have ...
The Bantu migration reached the area now South Africa around the first decade of the 3rd century, over 1800 years ago. [2] Early Bantu kingdoms were established in the 11th century. First European contact dates to 1488, but European colonization began in the 17th century (see History of South Africa (1652–1815)).
The people of the Lunda Kingdom believed in Nzambi or Nzamb Katang as a Supreme Creator of the world who created everything of existence on earth. Their religion did not address Nzambi directly, but through the spirits of their ancestors. [1] Their kings had twenty to thirty wives. The Lunda captured adolescents from the peoples they defeated.