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  2. Lewis structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_structure

    [1] [2] [3] Introduced by Gilbert N. Lewis in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, a Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bonded molecule, as well as coordination compounds. [4] Lewis structures extend the concept of the electron dot diagram by adding lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond.

  3. Square pyramidal molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_pyramidal_molecular...

    Structure of xenon oxytetrafluoride, an example of a molecule with the square pyramidal coordination geometry. Square pyramidal geometry describes the shape of certain chemical compounds with the formula ML 5 where L is a ligand. If the ligand atoms were connected, the resulting shape would be that of a pyramid with a square base.

  4. Arrow pushing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_pushing

    Arrow pushing or electron pushing is a technique used to describe the progression of organic chemistry reaction mechanisms. [1] It was first developed by Sir Robert Robinson.In using arrow pushing, "curved arrows" or "curly arrows" are drawn on the structural formulae of reactants in a chemical equation to show the reaction mechanism.

  5. Structural formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_formula

    Skeletal structural formula of Vitamin B 12.Many organic molecules are too complicated to be specified by a molecular formula.. The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphic representation of the molecular structure (determined by structural chemistry methods), showing how the atoms are possibly arranged in the real three-dimensional space.

  6. Coordination complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_complex

    Cisplatin, PtCl 2 (NH 3) 2, is a coordination complex of platinum(II) with two chloride and two ammonia ligands.It is one of the most successful anticancer drugs. A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands ...

  7. Activated complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_complex

    In a reaction coordinate, the transition state is the configuration at the maximum of the diagram while the activated complex can refer to any point near the maximum. Transition state theory (also known as activated complex theory) studies the kinetics of reactions that pass through a defined intermediate state with standard Gibbs energy of ...

  8. Coupling reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupling_reaction

    The most common type of coupling reaction is the cross coupling reaction. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Richard F. Heck , Ei-ichi Negishi , and Akira Suzuki were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions .

  9. Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_letters_used_in...

    a partial charge. δ− represents a negative partial charge, and δ+ represents a positive partial charge chemistry (See also: Solvation) the chemical shift of an atomic nucleus in NMR spectroscopy. For protons, this is relative to tetramethylsilane = 0; stable isotope compositions; declination in astronomy; noncentrality measure in statistics [2]