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The term “butcher block” can also refer to the pattern or style of a traditional block adapted to other functions, such as table tops and cutting boards. [3] There are two basic styles of butcher block: end grain and edge grain. [1] Besides maple, popular contemporary woods include teak, birch, or walnut, sometimes in alternating patterns.
Quarter-sawn boards have greater stability of form and size with less cupping (compared to flatsawn boards), shrinkage across the width, shake and splitting, and other good qualities. [1] In some woods such as oak, the wood grain produces a decorative effect which shows a prominent ray fleck, while sapele is likely to produce a ribbon figure.
The AWI defines "rift sawing" as a technique of cutting boards from logs so the grain is between 30–60° to the face of the board, with 45 degrees being "optimum". [2] In Understanding Wood, Hoadley describes "rift grain" as occurring at an angle between 45–90° to the surface, and describes the AWI definition as "bastard sawn". [4]
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Two cuts on each flitch trim the bark from the sides, and reduces it to a standard board width with squared edges. Two more cuts at each end set the length. Lumber can be quickly flat-cut with a side-by-side set of mechanical saws. [3] A slower but sturdier method involves passing the log back and forth over a single saw.
Winter brings less daylight and colder temperatures, which can disrupt sleep. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is more common in winter due to the lack of sunlight, causing sleep disturbances.
End grain sealers are liquid products usually containing wax which helps prevent rapid drying of the ends of lumber resulting in splits. Metal end plates or S-shaped pieces of metal may be driven into the butt ends of a timber. Splitting is the primary reason building codes do not allow notching in the bottom of joists and beams.