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In the case of online attacks, it is not possible to simply copy the SAM file to another location. The SAM file cannot be moved or copied while Windows is running, since the Windows kernel obtains and keeps an exclusive filesystem lock on the SAM file, and will not release that lock until the operating system has shut down or a "Blue Screen of ...
Windows PowerShell comes with a registry provider which presents the registry as a location type similar to the file system. The same commands used to manipulate files and directories in the file system can be used to manipulate keys and values of the registry.
The machine SID (S-1-5-21) is stored in the SECURITY registry hive located at SECURITY\SAM\Domains\Account, this key has two values F and V. The V value is a binary value that has the computer SID embedded within it at the end of its data (last 96 bits). [ 11 ] (
File system driver that provides file system-level encryption Windows 2000: Security Account Manager: Database stored as a registry file Windows NT 3.1: SYSKEY: Utility that encrypts the hashed password information in a SAM database using a 128-bit encryption key Windows NT 4.0 Service Pack 3 User Account Control
Screenshot of the Syskey utility on the Windows 8.1 operating system requesting the user to enter a password.. The SAM Lock Tool, better known as Syskey (the name of its executable file), is a discontinued component of Windows NT that encrypts the Security Account Manager (SAM) database using a 128-bit RC4 encryption key.
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Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) [1] is a process in Microsoft Windows operating systems that is responsible for enforcing the security policy on the system. It verifies users logging on to a Windows computer or server, handles password changes, and creates access tokens. [2] It also writes to the Windows Security Log.
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