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A human chimera is a human with a subset of cells with a distinct genotype than other cells, that is, having genetic chimerism.In contrast, an individual where each cell contains genetic material from a human and an animal is called a human–animal hybrid, while an organism that contains a mixture of human and non-human cells would be a human-animal chimera.
Two-colored rose chimera. A genetic chimerism or chimera (/ k aɪ ˈ m ɪər ə / ky-MEER-ə or / k ɪ ˈ m ɪər ə / kim-EER-ə) is a single organism composed of cells with more than one distinct genotype. Animal chimeras can be produced by the fusion of two (or more) embryos.
Superfecundation is the fertilization of two or more ova from the same cycle by sperm from separate acts of sexual intercourse, which can lead to twin babies from two separate biological fathers. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The term superfecundation is derived from fecund , meaning able to produce offspring.
Superfetation (also spelled superfoetation – see fetus) is the simultaneous occurrence of more than one stage of developing offspring in the same animal. [1] [2] [3]In mammals, it manifests as the formation of an embryo from a subsequent menstrual cycle, while another embryo or fetus is already present in the uterus.
Diagnosing a chimera or mosaic is particularly difficult due to the random distribution of 46,XX and 46,XY cells within the body. In a chimeric, an organ might be made up of a mix of 46,XX and 46,XY, but is made up entirely only one genotype. When that is the case, no abnormalities are noted and other types of tissues need to be analyzed. [15]
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Lydia Fairchild (born 1976) is an American woman who exhibits chimerism, having two distinct populations of DNA among the cells of her body.She was pregnant with her third child when she and the father of her children, Jamie Townsend, separated.
A vanishing twin, also known as twin resorption, is a fetus in a multigestation pregnancy that dies in utero and is then partially or completely reabsorbed. [1] [2] In some instances, the dead twin is compressed into a flattened, parchment-like state known as fetus papyraceus.