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The popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) is an uncommon pathology that occurs when the popliteal artery is compressed by the surrounding popliteal fossa myofascial structures. [1] This results in claudication and chronic leg ischemia. This condition mainly occurs more in young athletes than in the elderlies. [2]
A popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA) is a bulging of the popliteal artery. [1] A PAA is diagnosed when a focal dilation greater than 50% of the normal vessel diameter is found (the normal diameter of a popliteal artery is 0.7-1.1 cm). PAAs are the most common aneurysm of the peripheral vascular system, accounting for 85% of all cases.
Severe pain caused by claudication can lead to a person having very restricted ability to move, and pain while resting is often a sign that the condition has worsened. Claudication is also considered a symptom of peripheral artery disease. [9] Popliteal bypass surgery may be performed on people with the following symptoms and conditions: [10]
A Baker's cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a type of fluid collection behind the knee. [4] Often there are no symptoms. [2] If symptoms do occur these may include swelling and pain behind the knee, or knee stiffness. [1] If the cyst breaks open, pain may significantly increase with swelling of the calf. [1]
CT angiogram 3D reconstruction, posterior view showing a normal artery on the left, and occlusion to right popliteal artery as a result of a knee dislocation [10] Symptoms include knee pain. [2] The joint may also have lost its normal shape and contour. [2] A joint effusion may, or may not, be present. [2]
The posterior tibial artery arises from the popliteal artery in the popliteal fossa. [1] It is accompanied by a deep vein, the posterior tibial vein, along its course. It passes just posterior to the medial malleolus of the tibia, but anterior to the Achilles tendon. [1] It passes into the foot deep to the flexor retinaculum of the foot. [1]
The pain can be described as throbbing and can worsen with weight-bearing, prompting one to bear more weight with the unaffected leg. [ 21 ] [ 24 ] Additional signs and symptoms include tenderness, pitting edema ( see image ), dilation of surface veins, warmth, discoloration, a "pulling sensation", and even cyanosis (a blue or purplish ...
The physical examination usually shows weakened femoral pulses and a reduced ankle-brachial index. The diagnosis can be verified by color duplex scanning, which reveals either a peak systolic velocity ratio ≥2.5 at the site of stenosis and/or a monophasic waveform.