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  2. 64-bit computing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-bit_computing

    Linux becomes the first OS kernel to fully support x86-64 (on a simulator, as no x86-64 processors had been released yet). [22] 2001 Microsoft releases Windows XP 64-Bit Edition for the Itanium's IA-64 architecture; it could run 32-bit applications through an execution layer. [citation needed] 2003

  3. x86-64 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-64

    x86-64 (also known as x64, x86_64, AMD64, and Intel 64) [note 1] is a 64-bit extension of the x86 instruction set architecture first announced in 1999. It introduces two new operating modes: 64-bit mode and compatibility mode, along with a new four-level paging mechanism.

  4. Win32 Thread Information Block - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Win32_Thread_Information_Block

    The Thread Information Block (TIB) or Thread Environment Block (TEB) is a data structure in Win32 on x86 that stores information about the currently running thread. It descended from, and is backward-compatible on 32-bit systems with, a similar structure in OS/2. [1] The TIB is officially undocumented for Windows 9x.

  5. Comparison of executable file formats - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_executable...

    No (x86 only) Yes No No No No No No No DL: MS-DOS System Manager applications (HP LX series only).EXM: No (186/188 and higher only) Yes No No No No No No No MP: Phar Lap DOS extenders.EXP: Un­known (286 and higher only) Yes No No Un­known Un­known No No No P2: Phar Lap 16-bit DOS extenders.EXP: Un­known (286 and higher only) Yes No No Un ...

  6. Universal binary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_binary

    The universal binary format is a format for executable files that run natively either on both PowerPC-based and x86-based Macs or on both Intel 64-based and ARM64-based Macs. The format originated on NeXTStep as "Multi-Architecture Binaries", and the concept is more generally known as a fat binary, as seen on Power Macintosh.

  7. Intel 5-level paging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_5-level_paging

    Intel 5-level paging, referred to simply as 5-level paging in Intel documents, is a processor extension for the x86-64 line of processors. [1]: 11 It extends the size of virtual addresses from 48 bits to 57 bits by adding an additional level to x86-64's multilevel page tables, increasing the addressable virtual memory from 256 TiB to 128 PiB.

  8. x86 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86

    In April 2003, AMD released the first x86 processor with 64-bit general-purpose registers, the Opteron, capable of addressing much more than 4 GB of virtual memory using the new x86-64 extension (also known as AMD64 or x64). The 64-bit extensions to the x86 architecture were enabled only in the newly introduced long mode, therefore 32-bit and ...

  9. Optical disc image - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_disc_image

    ISO images contain the binary image of an optical media file system (usually ISO 9660 and its extensions or UDF), including the data in its files in binary format, copied exactly as they were stored on the disc. The data inside the ISO image will be structured according to the file system that was used on the optical disc from which it was created.