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Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a medical condition that involves an accumulation of acid in the body due to a failure of the kidneys to appropriately acidify the urine. [1] In renal physiology, when blood is filtered by the kidney, the filtrate passes through the tubules of the nephron, allowing for exchange of salts, acid equivalents, and other solutes before it drains into the bladder as urine.
The end results of reflux nephropathy can include high blood pressure, excessive protein loss in the urine, and eventually kidney failure. When reflux nephropathy is suspected as a cause of kidney disease, other conditions to consider include chronic pyelonephritis, obstructive uropathy, and analgesic overuse.
Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), [12] [13] is a rapidly progressive loss of renal function, [14] generally characterized by oliguria (decreased urine production, quantified as less than 400 mL per day in adults, [15] less than 0.5 mL/kg/h in children or less than 1 mL/kg/h in infants); and fluid and ...
AKI - the other main type of kidney disease - can be caused by dehydration, blood loss, urinary tract obstructions such as kidney stones or blood clots, low blood pressure, or heart disease. It ...
These include vesicoureteral reflux, urethral stricture, and stenosis. The most common cause of hydronephrosis in young adults is kidney stones. In older adults, the most common cause of hydronephrosis is benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), or intrapelvic neoplasms such as prostate cancer. [4]
Kidney infarction: CT scan of the abdomen showing partial infarct of the left kidney. Specialty: Nephrology: Symptoms: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. [1] Complications: Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. [1] Causes: Cardioembolic disease, renal artery injury, and hypercoagulable state. [1] Diagnostic method
Nephrotic syndrome can affect any age, although it is mainly found in adults with a ratio of adults to children of 26 to 1. [ 62 ] The syndrome presents in different ways in the two groups: the most frequent glomerulopathy in children is minimal change disease (66% of cases), followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (8%) and ...
[1] [3] Pyelonephritis affects about 1 to 2 per 1,000 women each year and just under 0.5 per 1,000 males. [5] [7] Young adult females are most often affected, followed by the very young and old. [2] With treatment, outcomes are generally good in young adults.