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MMHCdb allows researchers to search for PDX models by such parameters as cancer site, diagnosis, genomic properties of the engrafted human tumor, and model treatment response. Fig. 3 shows the output of a search for PDX models whose engrafted tumors have amplified KRAS, the TP53 A159V mutation, a deletion of the ALB gene, and high KIT expression.
The activated oncogene significantly increases the mouse's susceptibility to cancer, and thus makes the mouse a suitable model for cancer research. [2] [3] OncoMouse was not the first transgenic mouse to be developed for use in cancer research. Ralph L. Brinster and Richard Palmiter had developed such mice previously. However, OncoMouse was the ...
Patient derived xenografts (PDX) are models of cancer where the tissue or cells from a patient's tumor are implanted into an immunodeficient or humanized mouse. [1] It is a form of xenotransplantation. PDX models are used to create an environment that allows for the continued growth of cancer after its removal from a patient.
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical review journal covering oncology and the development of new cancer treatments. It was established in 1982 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media .
40% of both human and mouse genomes can be aligned at the nucleotide level. Mice have relatively short gestation periods. Mice take a brief time to reach sexual maturity. Mice have large litter sizes. The availability of hundreds of mutations affecting almost every tissue and aspect of development. Mice may not be an ideal model for breast cancer.
A genetically modified mouse, genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) [1] or transgenic mouse is a mouse (Mus musculus) that has had its genome altered through the use of genetic engineering techniques. Genetically modified mice are commonly used for research or as animal models of human diseases and are also used for research on genes.
Human isogenic disease models have been likened to 'patients in a test-tube', since they incorporate the latest research into human genetic diseases and do so without the difficulties and limitations involved in using non-human models. [2] Historically, cells obtained from animals, typically mice, have been used to model cancer-related pathways.
In spite of the efforts in developing this mouse model, poor engraftment of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was a major limitation that called for further advancement in the development humanized mouse models. [5] Nude mice were the earliest immunodeficient mouse model. These mice primarily produced IgM and had minimal or no IgA.