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Dural tail sign seen associated with a meningioma. The dural tail sign (also known as "dural thickening", "flare sign", or "meningeal sign") is a radiological finding observed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the brain that refers to a thickening of the dura mater immediately adjacent to a mass lesion, such as a brain tumor. [1]
A brain tumor (sometimes referred more commonly as brain cancer) occurs when a group of cells within the brain turn cancerous and grow out of control, creating a mass. There are two main types of tumors : malignant (cancerous) tumors and benign (non-cancerous) tumors. [ 2 ]
A fully automatic brain segmentation algorithm based on closely related ideas of multi-scale watersheds has been presented by Undeman and Lindeberg [76] and been extensively tested in brain databases. These ideas for multi-scale image segmentation by linking image structures over scales have also been picked up by Florack and Kuijper. [77]
Removal of tumor tissues helps decrease the pressure of the tumor on nearby parts of the brain. [17] The main goal of surgery is to remove as much as possible of the tumor mass while preserving normal brain function, and to relieve the symptoms caused by the tumor such as headache, nausea and vomiting. [ 18 ]
Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered (DMG) is a fatal tumour that arises in midline structures of the brain, most commonly the brainstem, thalamus and spinal cord.When located in the pons it is also known as diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG).
BrainMaps – National Institute of Health (NIH) database including 60 terabytes of image scans of primate and non-primates, integrated with information covering structure and function. NeuroNames – Defines the brain in terms of about 550 primary structures (about 850 unique structures) to which all other structures, names, and synonyms are ...
Examples include registration of brain CT/MRI images or whole body PET/CT images for tumor localization, registration of contrast-enhanced CT images against non-contrast-enhanced CT images [15] for segmentation of specific parts of the anatomy, and registration of ultrasound and CT images for prostate localization in radiotherapy.
In areas of the body with predictable structures (e.g. the head), segmentation (where tissue is categorised using the MRI image data), or "atlas" methods can be used. In atlas methods a standard MR image, with associated CT attenuation data, can be warped to fit the actual patient anatomy.
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