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  2. Rational animal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_animal

    While the Latin term itself originates in scholasticism, it reflects the Aristotelian view of man as a creature distinguished by a rational principle.In the Nicomachean Ethics I.13, Aristotle states that the human being has a rational principle (Greek: λόγον ἔχον), on top of the nutritive life shared with plants, and the instinctual life shared with other animals, i. e., the ability ...

  3. Rationality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationality

    Various theorists even see rationality as the essence of being human, often in an attempt to distinguish humans from other animals. [6] [8] [9] However, this strong affirmation has been subjected to many criticisms, for example, that humans are not rational all the time and that non-human animals also show diverse forms of intelligence. [6]

  4. Reason - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason

    Within the human mind or soul , reason was described by Plato as being the natural monarch which should rule over the other parts, such as spiritedness and the passions. Aristotle, Plato's student, defined human beings as rational animals, emphasizing reason as a characteristic of human nature.

  5. Human nature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_nature

    One part is specifically human and rational, being further divided into (1) a part which is rational on its own; and (2) a spirited part which can understand reason. Other parts of the soul are home to desires or passions similar to those found in animals.

  6. Homo economicus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_economicus

    Self-interest is the main motivation of human beings in their transactions" is a theoretical structure in the concept of homo economicus. Over the years, economists have studied and discussed institutional economics, behavioural economics, political economy, economic anthropology and ecological economics. The economic man solution is considered ...

  7. Person - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person

    Primus' approach can thus be contrasted to Kant's moral-philosophical definition of a person: whereas Kant's second formulation of the categorical imperative states that rational beings must never be treated merely as a means to an end and that they must also always be treated as an end, Primus offers that the aspects that humans (and some ...

  8. Rational agent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_agent

    A rational agent or rational being is a person or entity that always aims to perform optimal actions based on given premises and information. A rational agent can be anything that makes decisions, typically a person , firm , machine , or software .

  9. Animal symbolicum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_symbolicum

    Animal symbolicum ("symbol-making" or "symbolizing animal") is a definition for humans proposed by the German neo-Kantian philosopher Ernst Cassirer. The tradition since Aristotle has defined a human being as animal rationale (a rational animal).