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Hagia Sophia, [a] officially the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque, [b] is a mosque and former church serving as a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey. The last of three church buildings to be successively erected on the site by the Eastern Roman Empire, it was completed in AD 537.
Christ Pantocrator mosaic in Byzantine style from the Cefalù Cathedral, Sicily. The most common translation of Pantocrator is "Almighty" or "All-powerful". In this understanding, Pantokrator is a compound word formed from the Greek words πᾶς, pas (GEN παντός pantos), i.e. "all" [4] and κράτος, kratos, i.e. "strength", "might", "power". [5]
The "Halfdan inscription" - 2014 Transcription of the recognizable Halfdan runes. The first runic inscription was discovered in 1964 on a parapet on the top floor of the southern gallery, and the discovery was published by Elisabeth Svärdström in "Runorna i Hagia Sofia", Fornvännen 65 (1970), 247–49.
In Christian iconography, Holy Wisdom, or Hagia Sophia was depicted as a female allegory from the medieval period. In Western (Latin) tradition, she appears as a crowned virgin; in Russian Orthodox tradition , she has a more supernatural aspect of a crowned woman with wings in a glowing red colour.
In early churches, including the Hagia Sophia ("Great Church") in Constantinople, the altar, at least in large churches, was under a ciborium (ciborion: κιβώριον in Greek), usually a structure with four columns and a domed canopy.
The centralised and basilica structures were sometimes combined as in the church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople (construction began in AD 360). The basilican east end then allowed for the erection of an iconostasis , a screen on which icons are hung and which conceals the altar from the worshippers except at those points in the liturgy when ...
Its architecture is a mesmerizing blend of ancient Byzantine, Ottoman, and modern influences, creating a unique skyline where historic landmarks like the Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque stand ...
The Deesis mosaic in the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. The Pantocrator figure first became half-length because large versions filled the semi-dome of the apse of many, if not most, decorated churches. A full-length figure would need to be greatly reduced for the head to make maximum impact from a distance (because of the flattening at the top ...
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