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  2. Symmetry (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry_(physics)

    The symmetry of a physical system is a physical or mathematical feature of the system (observed or intrinsic) that is preserved or remains unchanged under some transformation. A family of particular transformations may be continuous (such as rotation of a circle) or discrete (e.g., reflection of a bilaterally symmetric figure, or rotation of a ...

  3. Transformation theory (quantum mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_theory...

    The term transformation theory refers to a procedure and a "picture" used by Paul Dirac in his early formulation of quantum theory, from around 1927. [ 1 ] This "transformation" idea refers to the changes a quantum state undergoes in the course of time, whereby its vector "moves" between "positions" or "orientations" in its Hilbert space .

  4. Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_formulation...

    Therefore, the global Poincaré symmetry, consisting of translational symmetry, rotational symmetry and the inertial reference frame invariance central to the theory of special relativity must apply. The local SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1) gauge symmetry is the internal symmetry. The three factors of the gauge symmetry together give rise to the three ...

  5. Symmetry in quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry_in_quantum_mechanics

    Symmetries in quantum mechanics describe features of spacetime and particles which are unchanged under some transformation, in the context of quantum mechanics, relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, and with applications in the mathematical formulation of the standard model and condensed matter physics.

  6. Chirality (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirality_(physics)

    The chiral symmetry transformation can be divided into a component that treats the left-handed and the right-handed parts equally, known as vector symmetry, and a component that actually treats them differently, known as axial symmetry. [2] (cf. Current algebra.) A scalar field model encoding chiral symmetry and its breaking is the chiral model.

  7. Wigner's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner's_theorem

    A geometric interpretation is that a symmetry transformation is an isometry of ray space. Some facts about symmetry transformations that can be verified using the definition: The product of two symmetry transformations, i.e. two symmetry transformations applied in succession, is a symmetry transformation. Any symmetry transformation has an inverse.

  8. Time-translation symmetry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-translation_symmetry

    Time-translation symmetry is the law that the laws of physics are unchanged (i.e. invariant) under such a transformation. Time-translation symmetry is a rigorous way to formulate the idea that the laws of physics are the same throughout history. Time-translation symmetry is closely connected, via Noether's theorem, to conservation of energy. [1]

  9. Symmetry (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry_(geometry)

    A drawing of a butterfly with bilateral symmetry, with left and right sides as mirror images of each other.. In geometry, an object has symmetry if there is an operation or transformation (such as translation, scaling, rotation or reflection) that maps the figure/object onto itself (i.e., the object has an invariance under the transform). [1]

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