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Ethnographic map of the Austrian Empire c. 1855 which also shows the boundaries of the crown lands and Kreise. A Kreis (pl. Kreise) or 'Circle' was an administrative division of the Habsburg monarchy and Austrian Empire between 1748 and 1867.
The most significant state by far in the circle was the Duchy of Bavaria (raised to an Electorate by Emperor Ferdinand II in 1623) with the Upper Palatinate territories. [1] Other Imperial Estates like the Prince- Archbishopric of Salzburg , the Prince-Bishoprics of Freising , Passau and Regensburg as well as the Imperial city of Regensburg ...
The Josephinian Land Survey (German: Josephinische Landesaufnahme) was the first comprehensive land survey and mapping of the Habsburg Empire. The survey was ordered by Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa after Austria's defeat in the Seven Years' War. [1] [2] It was conducted from 1763 to 1787, concluding in the reign of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II.
Kreis (Habsburg monarchy), a former type of subdivision of the Habsburg monarchy and Austrian Empire; Reichkreise, or Imperial Circles, ceremonial associations of several regional monarchies (Reichsländer) and/or imperial cities (Reichsstädte) in the Holy Roman Empire
The majority of German districts are "rural districts" [1] (German: Landkreise, pronounced [ˈlantˌkʁaɪ̯zə] ⓘ), of which there are 294 as of 2017. Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants (and smaller towns in some states) do not usually belong to a district, but take on district responsibilities themselves, similar to the concept of ...
For most of its history, its lands were coterminous with the holdings of the Spanish Habsburgs in the Empire (Franche-Comté and the Habsburg Netherlands). The circle's territorial scope was reduced considerably in the 17th century with the secession of the Seven United Provinces in 1581 (recognized 1648 under the Treaty of Westphalia ) and the ...
After the Napoleonic Wars, Kreis Marienwerder was included within the Marienwerder Region in West Prussia in 1816. This government region consisted of territory east and west of the Vistula River. In 1818, the new Rosenberg district and the town of Rosenberg (Susz) were detached from Kreis Marienwerder. The older district was compensated with a ...
The Franconian Circle as at 1789, before the French Revolutionary Wars and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. The Franconian Circle (German: Fränkischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle established in 1500 in the centre of the Holy Roman Empire.